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Reverse Engineering, Engineering Design, Reverse Engineering Process

Reverse Engineering can be defined as the process wherein a device’s, object’s, or system’s technological principles are discovered by analyzing its operation, function, and structure. It often refers to detaching something, say- a software program, electronic equipment, or mechanical device and carrying out the analysis of its workability in detail. This is done in order to manufacture a new program or device which performs the same function without doubling anything from original.

Motivation: Reasons behind the emergence of reverse engineering include interoperability, lost documentation which means loss or non-existence of documentation of the concerned device, product analysis, security auditing, exclusion of protection of copy, circumvention of restrictions regarding access, and fraud.

‘Reverse Engineering’ of ‘mechanical devices’ : With the ever-increasing popularity of CAD, ‘reverse engineering’ has proven to be a blessing for creation of ‘3D virtual model’ of the on hand physical part to be used in 3D CAE, CAM, CAD and many other soft wares. The measuring of physical object can be done by making use of ‘#D scanning technologies’ such as computed tomography, ‘structured light digitizers’, laser scanners, and CMMs. The data that is measured usually gets represented as ‘point cloud’. It is devoid of topological information. That’s why, the processing and modelling takes place into usable format like a ‘triangular faced mesh’, CAD model, or a collection of surfaces of NURBS. Applications such as Polyworks, Image ware, Geomagic, or Rapidform are used for processing the ‘point clouds’ into the formats that can be used in applications like 3D CAE, CAM, CAD or visualization.

‘Reverse Engineering’ of ‘software’ : The term ‘reverse engineering’ differs from person to person when applied in terms of software. As per the research conducted by Cross and Chikofsy, reverse engineering can be referred to as the process that involves the analysis of the subject system for creating its representation at the higher level. This level might be called the ‘level of abstraction’. As far as software is concerned, reverse engineering can be described as an examination process only. There is no modification from the software point of view. The use of ‘software anti-tamper technology’ takes place in order to deter reengineering and reverse engineering of the software-powered systems and proprietary software.

Two major reverse engineering types exist in the present scenario. In the first type, source code is available, but program’s greater level aspects are poorly documented or invalidated. In the second type, source code does not exist. Any efforts made in this direction would be termed as ‘reverse engineering’. The 2nd use is that which majority of people know. ‘Reverse Engineering of software’ is implied at making use of ‘clean room design’ technique for avoiding infringing copyrights. In today’s world, around 95% of reverse engineering consists of ‘reverse engineering of software’.

On the other hand, ‘black box testing’ in ‘software engineering’ has many similarities to reverse engineering. The tester normally possesses the API. However, their main goal is to locate undocumented features and bugs by smashing the products from the outside. This process is used for customizing the embedded systems as well.

Go to Prototype Zone to get your free ebook on Prototyping at Prototyping. Prototype Zone also has Rapid Prototyping Forum, Reverse Engineering Blog and other information on Prototype Information and daily news. You can Find Prototype Zone at http://www.prototypezone.com/.

Reverse Engineering, Engineering Design, Reverse Engineering Process / Author: Ryan Rounds

3D Scanner Technology, 3D Scanning and 3D Scanner Technology

3D scanner: 3D scanning implies analyzing the real-world environment or objects for collecting data on their appearance, i.e. color and shape. Digital 3D models can be constructed from the data collected. Such devices are being used by the amusement industry extensively for producing video games and movies. This technology is more widely used in reverse engineering, industrial design, prototyping, keeping records of cultural artifacts, and computer vision. A number of technologies have been used for building the three-dimensional scanning devices. Every technology has limitations, costs, and advantages.

Functionality: The idea behind using a three-dimensional scanner is creating a Point Cloud of the Geometric Samples on the subject’s surface. The subject’s shape can then be extrapolated by using these points. If information regarding color is gathered at every juncture, the determination of colors on subject’s surface can be easily done. 3D scanners share analogy with cameras. If one tries to define a Spherical Coordinate System wherein the origin would be the scanner and vector would be drawn from front of it such that θ=0 and ¢=0, then every point in picture would be associated with θ and ¢. Combined with distance that corresponds to r component 3D position of every point in picture is described by the spherical coordinates.

Technology: 3D scanners consist of two types- non-contact and contact. Non-contact three-dimensional scanners could be divided further into 2 major categories- passive and active scanners.

Non-Contact Active: Some light or radiation is always emitted by active scanners. It is advised to detect the reflection of this light, as it would help in locating environment or an object. The kinds of emission possibly used include x-ray, ultrasound, or light.

Contact: Contact three-dimensional scanners locate the subject by the way of physical touch. The best example of contact three-dimensional scanner is a CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine). It is widely used in manufacturing processes due to its precision. However, it has a disadvantage that contact with object to be scanned is required. The target object might get modified or damaged by scanning. Historical artifacts, in particular, have to be specially taken care of.

3D Prototyping: 3D prototyping is the subset of rapid prototyping. The basic advantage of 3D prototyping is that numerous materials can be used as base materials. It involves taking of virtual designs through CAD (computer-aided design) or Animation Modeling software, transforming them into virtual, thin, and horizontal cross sections, and then creating every cross-section in the physical space, 1 by 1 till the model gets completed.

It should be noted that STL File Format is the interface between machines and CAD software. This interface carries out the approximation of shape of an assembly or part by making use of triangular facets. Surfaces of a superior quality are produced by smaller facets. 3D prototyping is believed to be the ‘next level’ equipment by most of the experts of this field. Pioneer companies are striving to master the technique. The conservative prototyping machines cost around 25000 pounds, as per the study conducted in the year 2005.

Go to Prototype Zone to get your free ebook on Prototyping at Prototyping. Prototype Zone also has Rapid Prototyping Forum, 3D Scanner Blog and other information on Prototype Information and daily news. You can Find Prototype Zone at http://www.prototypezone.com/.

3D Scanner Technology, 3D Scanning and 3D Scanner Technology / Author: Ryan Rounds

Flexible Manufacturing, Rapid Manufacturing, Direct Manufacturing

Rapid Manufacturing can be described as an ‘Additive Fabrication Technique’ to manufacture solid objects through the chronological delivery of material and/or energy to precise points in the space for producing that part. At present, the practice of controlling the process of manufacturing with the help of computer by making use of mathematical model that has been created through the computer’s aid is being followed. Rapid manufacturing, if done with the help of Parallel Batch Production is capable of providing a huge advantage in terms of cost and speed in comparison with alternative techniques of manufacturing like die casting or Plastic Injection Molding.

Origin: Rapid Manufacturing process was first demonstrated at The AUTO FACT show. The venue was Detroit, MI. The year was 1987. This creation is attributed to 3D Systems Company. The technologies available now are inclusive of processes such as Laminated Object Manufacturing, Shape Deposition Manufacturing, and Selective Laser Sintering.

The present scenario: Rapid manufacturing might involve replacement parts, custom parts, series production, or Short Run Production. This process can be referred to as Rapid Prototyping only if the use of the part is for development. Rapid Manufacturing carried out for big products with Layer-based Manufacturing from composite materials, plastics, or metals is widely used for numerous industrial applications pertaining to aerospace (Boeing) and military (MPH-Optomec) sectors. Micro system applications and small products are well known in medicines, sensor technologies (micro TEC), and diagnostics. Batch production regarding tiny parts by techniques of rapid manufacturing like RMPD give vent to advantages related to time and cost.

Now days, collectibles, consumer products, orthodontics, dentistry, jewelry, motor sports, and automotives are being experimented with rapid manufacturing. Amazing results are expected in future. The world economy is becoming competitive day by day. Manufacturers are facing the challenge to deliver novel customized products faster than before for meeting customer demands. A late delivery or development might could mean failure of business. Rapid manufacturing has been devised with the objective of shortening the production cycle and design, and promising to revolutionize the age-old manufacturing procedures.

The initial process: Before starting with the construction of product, a prototype or sample is required quite often as a portion of design cycle, for allowing evaluation, testing, or demonstration of proposed product. This process is iterative, as a chain of prototypes gets built up. These prototypes can then be used for testing various options.

Rapid Manufacturing is also inclusive of rapid application of tools needed for production on a large scale, like jigs, dies, and specially shaped molds. Several Layer manufacturing Processes are being developed now, by making use of a wide range of materials. Parts produced so far have proven to be steadily durable. The size has also been increasing. Due to all these successes, layer manufacturing is the most sought after technique for fabricating the parts for functional prototypes as well as production tools. The process of applying layer manufacturing for making components utilized in production can be called Rapid Tooling. It is being applied to investment casting, injection molding, and many processes related to mold casting.

Go to Prototype Zone to get your free ebook on Prototyping at Prototyping. Prototype Zone also has Rapid Prototyping Forum, Flexible Manufacturing Blog and other information on Prototype Information and daily news. You can Find Prototype Zone at http://www.prototypezone.com/.

Flexible Manufacturing, Rapid Manufacturing, Direct Manufacturing / Author: Ryan Rounds

Final Touches to Home Construction

Home construction is a phased task. It involves various steps from inception of the idea for construction of a home for you to the living in home. Once you are over with the construction of home, you need to focus on other important things at your home. In includes, thinking about security risks involved in that particular area, as well as external and internal beautification of your home. During construction of your home you can take help of Home Construction Companies or agencies engaged in providing consultancy to people involved in building home for themselves.

Interior Designing Issues in Home Construction

But beautification of homes is a task that needs more of your attention. Because it’s totally own choice and, any agencies or architects can only suggest you the best possible ways to decorate your house. But, you are the sole responsible for approving any such suggestion. Their experience might be helpful for you, but you have to live at your home, and you need to think about your real likes and dislikes of your home. It may be that your choices for the color of curtains in your home is blue, whereas your interior designer is suggesting you pink, or brown and you really don’t like that color. This is just an example of discrepancy; it may be true for other cases too.

You need to plan for the interior designing as well as painting issues for your home. Make your opinion and then tell your choices to your architectural consultant or interior designer.

Furniture Selection and Adjustment

Furniture selection is also a tough task. Well selection of furniture should be according to your choice. Because, it’s you who knows the exact budget you are going to spend on furnishing of your home. As well as, you only can decide the best choices of furniture for you. But, the placement of furniture is very important; this is where you need experience. A furnishing expert can suggest you the best placement of furniture in your home, he knows the positive and negative effects caused by placement of furniture. Because, these things are dependent upon directions and architectural issues related with that.

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For more information visit:- http://www.cdmconstruction.net/

Final Touches to Home Construction / Author: cdmconstruction.net@gmail.com

 

Myrtle Beach Real Estate - Upside On The Beach

One of the fastest growing communities in the US is the “Strand” – the stretch of cities starting at Myrtle Beach and extending north along the South Carolina coast to North Myrtle Beach. Geographically, all of these cities are build around the high water table and the pine bluffs in from the coast, and present beautiful beach walks and lovely scenic vistas for houses. Myrtle Beach is commonly referred to as the “Golf capital of the World”, and was re-founded in the middle of last century as a resort community.

Myrtle Beach has a median family income of around $28,000 per year, and has had stable home prices for the last three years, with most homes on the market running around $225,000 or so, and new construction homes at $230,000 or so. While Myrtle Beach wasn’t immune to the credit crunch of 2007, and the resulting flattening of the US housing market, it was insulated by the strong local economy (much the same way Las Vegas was). While Myrtle Beach’s properties didn’t decline in price as rapidly as several other parts of the country have, they did drop a small amount.

Myrtle Beach’s primary business sector revolves around tourism and visiting, with a secondary sector built around high tech (mostly programming) businesses. With an average tourist influx of over 12 million visitors per year (most of them in the spring through fall), there’s been a building boom, both for people wanting to provide rental condos and time shares to visitors, and for people looking to buy summer homes. A side effect of this housing boom is that existing properties are appreciating in value, particularly as the community grows its own professional economy.

So, what’s the investment strategy for buying at this point in time? Like any investor, you’re looking to maximize your rate of return. Myrtle Beach’s strong local economy means that any building built here or bought here has a solid return on investment. Conventional wisdom says to batten down the hatches during a recession, and focus on savings and keeping your assets liquid. However, with current trends in banking, the weak dollar, and the specter of inflation, a solidly diversified portfolio should contain several real estate investments, or investments in tangibles. Here’s why:

For the first, nationwide, real estate prices are down; there are foreclosure properties on the market that are further driving down real estate prices. While foreclosure rates are higher than normal, they’re much lower than was initially expected when the housing bubble burst. What this means is that picking real estate, in the right markets, can give you significant rates of return as the economy eventually recovers.

In Myrtle Beach, there are several indicators that properties purchased there will appreciate in value. The first is the demographic growth rate - Myrtle Beach is growing by almost 6% per year. That growth rate means that several types of real estate are worth investing in, from second homes to office complexes, as the economy diversifies from its current tourism-driven base.

Myrtle Beach’s other tangibles are its quality of life - it consistently ranks in the top five among surveys of the best communities to live in for the United States - and its solid tax base, which keeps city infrastructure expanding and well maintained. Myrtle Beach’s resort pedigree is built in part around its accessibility, which stems from US 17 running north/south on the Carolinas coast to a passenger train line, which makes it easy to get to from anywhere on the eastern seaboard. That same rail connectivity also helps keep costs down in other ways for residents, which in turn helps foster business growth in the community.

Myrtle Beach is a lovely community with plenty to offer a forward looking real estate investor.

About the Author:
Visit www.digmyrtlebeach.com which offers the perfect property to meet your Myrtle Beach real estate needs.

Myrtle Beach Real Estate - Upside On The Beach / Author: Randy